You are trying to follow instructions in this KB article to enroll macOS workstation in Intune. at the end of the process, an error message comes us that says "Profile installation failed. Could not obtain the final profile using the Encrypted Profile service. The credentials within your profile may have expired. Try downloading a new profile"
This is happening because this workstation is already pre-enrolled in Intune by Apple through Automated Device Enrollment (ADE). You cannot use Company Portal Intune enrolment method on a Mac that is already pre-enrolled in Intune via ADE. Normally, the Intune enrollment should be completed when user unpacks their new Mac and goes though the initial setup of macOS but in this case, the user may have bypassed the step when they are asked to sign in with their UWin Account.
To rectify this, you will need to rest macOS on the device, and follow steps in this KB article.